ZELENSKIY dismissed Deputy Head of the Presidential Office Mudra by presidential decree.

Bank Indonesia governor said the central bank will ensure adequate liquidity in the banking system and broader economy to meet the inf target.

According to foreign media reports, a sharp rise in US Treasury yields led to a plunge in market risk appetite, with foreign and institutional investors collectively selling approximately 4.8 trillion won (about US$3.5 billion) worth of South Korean stocks. The South Korean KOSPI index closed at 6471.17 points, down 5.80%. The index briefly fell to 6400.81 points during the session, before managing to hold above the 6400-point mark thanks to retail buying. Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix shares fell by more than 7% and 9%, respectively. On the main board market, foreign and institutional investors sold off South Korean stocks. Foreign investors net sold 3.5036 trillion won, the largest amount this month and the largest single-day net selling since the net selling of 4.5261 trillion won on September 28th. Institutional investors also net sold 1.3244 trillion won, while retail investors bucked the trend and net bought 4.6367 trillion won. Analysts believe that tensions in the Middle East and soaring US Treasury yields led to a sharp drop in market risk appetite. The failure to extend the US-Iran ceasefire pushed up oil prices, exacerbating inflation concerns. The yield on the 30-year US Treasury note rose to 5.33%, a new high since 2007. High interest rates also increased capital expenditure pressure on the AI industry. Coupled with market concerns about the slow improvement in OpenAI's profitability, expectations for memory chip demand cooled. Profit-taking pressure further increased for previously surging chip stocks. Lee Kyung-min, an analyst at Daishin Securities, stated that foreign investors turning to net selling and continued outflows of institutional funds led to the market crash; the correction in the semiconductor sector, which had previously led the rebound, further dragged down the overall market performance.