TrendForce said in a new AI server industry report that rapid iteration of AI
chips led by NVIDIA, AMD and Google has pushed single-chip thermal design power
(TDP) above 1 kW and driven cabinet-level power to hundreds of kW, making liquid
cooling progressively standard for high-end AI infrastructure. TrendForce
projects liquid-cooling penetration in AI chips will reach 53% in 2026 and
approach 60% in 2027.