標普500指數期貨轉漲，抹去此前一度達1.4%的跌幅。

China’s five ministries issued an action plan to implement a comprehensive conservation strategy, calling for mobilization of existing land stock. The plan directs nationwide comprehensive land consolidation; conservation and denser use of rural collective construction land; and legal reactivation of idle rural land. It mandates special governance of industrial park land to repurpose stock industrial land for strategic emerging industries, advanced manufacturing and producer services. The plan also requires stepped-up disposal of idle land and expansion of pilots to redevelop low‑efficiency land.

Germany October final composite PMI 53.4, versus 52.8 expected and 52.8 prior.