In September 2026 Douyin Group's de-duplicated total users by app were: Douyin
1.029 bln, Hongguo (free short-drama app) 430 mln and Doubao 419 mln; Hongguo
has overtaken Doubao. A year earlier the group's top three were Douyin, Toutiao
and Douyin Lite. Short dramas are emerging as a new battleground as major
platforms reshape their traffic matrix and compete to own the user's decision
starting point.