Vanda Insights founder Vandana Hari warned Asia's reliance on fossil-fuel
imports—about 90% of primary energy consumption—leaves regional economies
exposed to global supply shocks for decades as demand rises and major new fuel
discoveries remain scarce. She said import dependence is deepening and that
geopolitical turbulence could persist for years to decades. A New Energy Outlook
report said Asian economies would gain most from an energy transition and
estimates energy import costs in Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia and India will be
3–6% of GDP in 2025.
